int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int margc;
    char** margv;
    int jargc;
    char** jargv;
    const jboolean const_javaw = JNI_FALSE;

    ...

#endif /* WIN32 */
    return JLI_Launch(margc, margv,
                   jargc, (const char**) jargv,
                   0, NULL,
                   VERSION_STRING,
                   DOT_VERSION,
                   (const_progname != NULL) ? const_progname : *margv,
                   (const_launcher != NULL) ? const_launcher : *margv,
                   jargc > 0,
                   const_cpwildcard, const_javaw, 0);
}

/*
 * Entry point.
 */
int
JLI_Launch(int argc, char ** argv,              /* main argc, argc */
        int jargc, const char** jargv,          /* java args */
        int appclassc, const char** appclassv,  /* app classpath */
        const char* fullversion,                /* full version defined */
        const char* dotversion,                 /* UNUSED dot version defined */
        const char* pname,                      /* program name */
        const char* lname,                      /* launcher name */
        jboolean javaargs,                      /* JAVA_ARGS */
        jboolean cpwildcard,                    /* classpath wildcard*/
        jboolean javaw,                         /* windows-only javaw */
        jint ergo                               /* unused */
)
{
    int mode = LM_UNKNOWN;
    char *what = NULL;
    char *main_class = NULL;
    int ret;
    InvocationFunctions ifn;
    jlong start, end;
    char jvmpath[MAXPATHLEN];
    char jrepath[MAXPATHLEN];
    char jvmcfg[MAXPATHLEN];
    
    /*
     * 确保运行适当的JRE
     * 
     * SelectVersion() has several responsibilities:
     *
     *  1) Disallow specification of another JRE.  With 1.9, another
     *     version of the JRE cannot be invoked.
     *  2) Allow for a JRE version to invoke JDK 1.9 or later.  Since
     *     all mJRE directives have been stripped from the request but
     *     the pre 1.9 JRE [ 1.6 thru 1.8 ], it is as if 1.9+ has been
     *     invoked from the command line.
     */
    SelectVersion(argc, argv, &main_class);

    // 创建运行环境，如检查系统使用的数据模型（32bit、64bit），获取使用的JRE路径，找到jvm.cfg解析已知的vm类型
    // 设置新的LD_LIBRARY_PATH变量
    CreateExecutionEnvironment(&argc, &argv,
                               jrepath, sizeof(jrepath),
                               jvmpath, sizeof(jvmpath),
                               jvmcfg,  sizeof(jvmcfg));


    // 加载JVM
    // 通过jvmpath找到libjvm.so 返回以下方法
    // JNI_CreateJavaVM
    // JNI_GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs
    // GetCreatedJavaVMs
    // 的符号地址返回，挂载到InvocationFunctions以便后续调用
    if (!LoadJavaVM(jvmpath, &ifn)) {
        return(6);
    }

    if (IsJavaArgs()) {
        // 转换命令行参数 如：javac -cp foo:foo/"*" -J-ms32m
        /* Preprocess wrapper arguments */
        TranslateApplicationArgs(jargc, jargv, &argc, &argv);

        /*
         * 添加了三个VM选项
         * -Denv.class.path 用户设置的CLASSPATH变量，如果CLASSPATH显式设置了tools.jar
         *  				则可以反编译VM的工具类sun.tools.*
         * -Dapplication.home 应用程序目录
         * -Djava.class.path 应用程序的类文件目录
         */
        if (!AddApplicationOptions(appclassc, appclassv)) {
            return(1);
        }
    } else {
        /* Set default CLASSPATH */
        char* cpath = getenv("CLASSPATH");
        if (cpath != NULL) {
            SetClassPath(cpath);
        }
    }

    /* 解析命令行参数-jar -cp、-version、-*path、-X*等参数
     *
     * Parse command line options; if the return value of
     * ParseArguments is false, the program should exit.
     */
    if (!ParseArguments(&argc, &argv, &mode, &what, &ret, jrepath))
    {
        return(ret);
    }

    // 设置classpath
    /* Override class path if -jar flag was specified */
    if (mode == LM_JAR) {
        SetClassPath(what);     /* Override class path */
    }
    
    ...
    
    return JVMInit(&ifn, threadStackSize, argc, argv, mode, what, ret);
}

int
JVMInit(InvocationFunctions* ifn, jlong threadStackSize,
                 int argc, char **argv,
                 int mode, char *what, int ret) {
    if (sameThread) {
        JLI_TraceLauncher("In same thread\n");
        // need to block this thread against the main thread
        // so signals get caught correctly
        __block int rslt = 0;
        NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
        {
            NSBlockOperation *op = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock: ^{
                JavaMainArgs args;
                args.argc = argc;
                args.argv = argv;
                args.mode = mode;
                args.what = what;
                args.ifn  = *ifn;
                rslt = JavaMain(&args);
            }];

            /*
             * We cannot use dispatch_sync here, because it blocks the main dispatch queue.
             * Using the main NSRunLoop allows the dispatch queue to run properly once
             * SWT (or whatever toolkit this is needed for) kicks off it's own NSRunLoop
             * and starts running.
             */
            [op performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(start) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:YES];
        }
        [pool drain];
        return rslt;
    } else {
        // block当前线程并且在新线程中继续执行
        // 至于为什么在新线程中创建JVM见引用https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-6316197
        return ContinueInNewThread(ifn, threadStackSize, argc, argv, mode, what, ret);
    }
}

int
ContinueInNewThread(InvocationFunctions* ifn, jlong threadStackSize,
                    int argc, char **argv,
                    int mode, char *what, int ret)
{

    /*
     * 指定线程大小
     * If user doesn't specify stack size, check if VM has a preference.
     * Note that HotSpot no longer supports JNI_VERSION_1_1 but it will
     * return its default stack size through the init args structure.
     */
    if (threadStackSize == 0) {
      struct JDK1_1InitArgs args1_1;
      memset((void*)&args1_1, 0, sizeof(args1_1));
      args1_1.version = JNI_VERSION_1_1;
      ifn->GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs(&args1_1);  /* ignore return value */
      if (args1_1.javaStackSize > 0) {
         threadStackSize = args1_1.javaStackSize;
      }
    }

    { /* Create a new thread to create JVM and invoke main method */
      JavaMainArgs args;
      int rslt;

      args.argc = argc;
      args.argv = argv;
      args.mode = mode;
      args.what = what;
      args.ifn = *ifn;

      // 在新线程中执行
      rslt = ContinueInNewThread0(JavaMain, threadStackSize, (void*)&args);
      /* If the caller has deemed there is an error we
       * simply return that, otherwise we return the value of
       * the callee
       */
      return (ret != 0) ? ret : rslt;
    }
}

/*
 * Block current thread and continue execution in a new thread
 */
int
ContinueInNewThread0(int (JNICALL *continuation)(void *), jlong stack_size, void * args) {
    int rslt;
    pthread_t tid;
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);

    if (stack_size > 0) {
      pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stack_size);
    }
    pthread_attr_setguardsize(&attr, 0); // no pthread guard page on java threads

    if (pthread_create(&tid, &attr, (void *(*)(void*))continuation, (void*)args) == 0) {
      void * tmp;
      pthread_join(tid, &tmp);
      rslt = (int)(intptr_t)tmp;
    } else {
     /*
      *  调用JNI_CreateJavaVM执行创建虚拟机
      *
      * Continue execution in current thread if for some reason (e.g. out of
      * memory/LWP)  a new thread can't be created. This will likely fail
      * later in continuation as JNI_CreateJavaVM needs to create quite a
      * few new threads, anyway, just give it a try..
      */
      rslt = continuation(args);
    }

    pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    return rslt;
}

int JNICALL
JavaMain(void * _args)
{
    JavaMainArgs *args = (JavaMainArgs *)_args;
    int argc = args->argc;
    char **argv = args->argv;
    int mode = args->mode;
    char *what = args->what;
    InvocationFunctions ifn = args->ifn;

    JavaVM *vm = 0;
    JNIEnv *env = 0;
    jclass mainClass = NULL;
    jclass appClass = NULL; // actual application class being launched
    jmethodID mainID;
    jobjectArray mainArgs;
    int ret = 0;
    jlong start, end;

    RegisterThread();

    // ================================
    //          初始化虚拟机
    // ================================
    /* Initialize the virtual machine */
    start = CounterGet();
    if (!InitializeJVM(&vm, &env, &ifn)) {
        JLI_ReportErrorMessage(JVM_ERROR1);
        exit(1);
    }

    ...

    // 如果输入了-version或-showversion参数
    if (printVersion || showVersion) {
        PrintJavaVersion(env, showVersion);
        CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(0);
        if (printVersion) {
            LEAVE();
        }
    }

    // 如果jar文件和类名均未指定则输出默认usage信息
    /* If the user specified neither a class name nor a JAR file */
    if (printXUsage || printUsage || what == 0 || mode == LM_UNKNOWN) {
        PrintUsage(env, printXUsage);
        CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);
        LEAVE();
    }

    FreeKnownVMs(); /* after last possible PrintUsage */

    ret = 1;

    /*
     * 加载Java程序的main方法，如果没找到则退出
     *
     * Get the application's main class. It also checks if the main
     * method exists.
     *
     * See bugid 5030265.  The Main-Class name has already been parsed
     * from the manifest, but not parsed properly for UTF-8 support.
     * Hence the code here ignores the value previously extracted and
     * uses the pre-existing code to reextract the value.  This is
     * possibly an end of release cycle expedient.  However, it has
     * also been discovered that passing some character sets through
     * the environment has "strange" behavior on some variants of
     * Windows.  Hence, maybe the manifest parsing code local to the
     * launcher should never be enhanced.
     *
     * Hence, future work should either:
     *     1)   Correct the local parsing code and verify that the
     *          Main-Class attribute gets properly passed through
     *          all environments,
     *     2)   Remove the vestages of maintaining main_class through
     *          the environment (and remove these comments).
     *
     * This method also correctly handles launching existing JavaFX
     * applications that may or may not have a Main-Class manifest entry.
     */
    mainClass = LoadMainClass(env, mode, what);
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainClass);
    /*
     * 获取程序主类Class对象
     *
     * In some cases when launching an application that needs a helper, e.g., a
     * JavaFX application with no main method, the mainClass will not be the
     * applications own main class but rather a helper class. To keep things
     * consistent in the UI we need to track and report the application main class.
     */
    appClass = GetApplicationClass(env);
    NULL_CHECK_RETURN_VALUE(appClass, -1);

    // 构建main方法参数列表
    /* Build platform specific argument array */
    mainArgs = CreateApplicationArgs(env, argv, argc);
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainArgs);

    if (dryRun) {
        ret = 0;
        LEAVE();
    }

    /*
     * PostJVMInit uses the class name as the application name for GUI purposes,
     * for example, on OSX this sets the application name in the menu bar for
     * both SWT and JavaFX. So we'll pass the actual application class here
     * instead of mainClass as that may be a launcher or helper class instead
     * of the application class.
     */
    PostJVMInit(env, appClass, vm);
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_LEAVE(1);

    /*
     * 获取main方法ID
     *
     * The LoadMainClass not only loads the main class, it will also ensure
     * that the main method's signature is correct, therefore further checking
     * is not required. The main method is invoked here so that extraneous java
     * stacks are not in the application stack trace.
     */
    mainID = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, mainClass, "main",
                                       "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
    CHECK_EXCEPTION_NULL_LEAVE(mainID);

    // 调用main方法
    /* Invoke main method. */
    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, mainClass, mainID, mainArgs);

    /*
     * 如果有异常抛出，程序将返回非零结束码
     * 
     * The launcher's exit code (in the absence of calls to
     * System.exit) will be non-zero if main threw an exception.
     */
    ret = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env) == NULL ? 0 : 1;

    // 退出
    LEAVE();
}